PHANIBUGUDUR: 2011

Monday 8 August 2011

http://fast2earn.com/_26929.htm

Sunday 17 July 2011

Friday 15 July 2011

NAGALAMADIKE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSvmwdyAFqA&feature=player_detailpage

Wednesday 13 July 2011

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Formula 1 Nutritional Shake Mix

Overview
A healthy and delicious meal that provides essential nutrients and quality ingredients in an enhanced formula proudly backed by scientific research.
As part of our branding initiative we are phasing in new product labels to our entire product line. During this transition you may receive products with either the old or new label design based on warehouse availability.
Note: This enhancement and new look only applies to the 750g canister.
Key Benefits
• 20 vitamins, minerals and essential nutrients.
• 9g of protein and healthy fiber help support weight management.
• Includes the antioxidant vitamins C and E.
• Contains Aminogen®†, plus bromelain and papain, to support protein digestion.
• 0 cholesterol; 0 trans fat.
Flavor/Type and Size SKU
French Vanilla , 750g 3106
Vanilla - Allergen Free , 810g 3117
Dutch Chocolate , 750g 3107
Wild Berry , 750g 3108
Tropical Fruit , 750g 3109
Cookies 'n Cream , 750g 3110
Piña Colada , 750g 3141
Cafe Latte , 750g 2775
Kosher (Vanilla) , 550g 0145

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Healthy Meal
Nutritional Shake Mix
For Healthy Nutrition & Weight Management
french vanilla
Artificially Flavored
NET WT 0.88 OZ (25 g)
FORMULA
Formulated exclusively for: HERBALIFE INTERNATIONAL OF AMERICA, INC., Los Angeles, CA 90080-0210, U.S.A. MADE IN U.S.A.
PKT4488US-00 ©2007 HERBALIFE
INGREDIENTS: Isolated soy protein,
fructose, corn bran fiber, powdered
cellulose, artificial French vanilla
flavor, guar gum, potassium
chloride, calcium caseinate, casein,
dicalcium phosphate, rice fiber, soy
lecithin, canola oil, carrageenan,
medium chain triglycerides,
dl-methionine,
fructooligosaccharides***,
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide,
licorice extract, natural vanilla
flavor, bacterially-derived patented
proteases (from Aminogen®†),
citrus pectin, psyllium husk, honey
powder, ginger root, ascorbic acid,
dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, licorice
root, hawthorne berry, gotu kola,
dandelion root, biotin, parsley,
papaya, ferrous fumarate,
niacinamide, zinc oxide, sodium
selenite, copper gluconate, vitamin
A palmitate, calcium pantothenate,
papain, bromelain, pyridoxine
hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamin
mononitrate, cholecalciferol
(vitamin D), cyanocobalamin, folic
acid, chromium amino acid chelate,
chromium aspartate, sodium
molybdate and chromium
nicotinate. CONTAINS MILK, WHEAT
AND SOYBEAN INGREDIENTS.
† Aminogen® contains protein enzymes
to improve the assimilation of dietary
proteins. Aminogen® is a registered
trademark of Triarco Industries, Inc.
***Frutooligosaccharides (FOS) are known
as prebiotics and help promote the
growth of positive flora.
Serving Size: 1 Packet (25 g)
Servings Per Packet: 1
Powder
Amount w/ 8 fl oz
Per Serving Powder nonfat milk
Calories 90 180
Fat cal 10 15
% Daily Value**
Total Fat 1 g* 2% 2%
Saturated Fat 0 g 0% 2%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg 0% 1%
Sodium 140 mg 6% 11%
Potassium 210 mg 6% 18%
Total Carb. 13 g 4% 8%
Dietary Fiber 3 g 12% 12%
Sugars 9 g
Protein 9 g 18% 34%
Vitamin A 25% 35%
Vitamin C 25% 25%
Calcium 8% 30%
Iron 10% 15%
Vitamin D 25% 50%
Vitamin E 25% 25%
Thiamin 25% 30%
Riboflavin 25% 50%
Niacin 25% 25%
% Daily Value**
Vitamin B6 25% 30%
Folate 25% 30%
Vitamin B12 25% 45%
Biotin 25% 25%
Pantothenic Acid 25% 35%
Phosphorus 15% 35%
Magnesium 10% 15%
Zinc 25% 40%
Selenium 15% 25%
Copper 25% 25%
Chromium 8% 8%
Molybdenum 15% 15%
* Amount in Powder. One cup of Vitamin A & D fortified
nonfat milk contributes an additional 90 calories, 5
calories from fat, 0.4 g fat, 0.3 g saturated fat, 4 mg
cholesterol, 126 mg sodium, 406 mg potassium, 12 g
total carbohydrate (12 g sugars), and 8 g protein.
** Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie
diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower
depending on your calorie needs.
Calories 2,000 2,500
Total Fat Less Than 65 g 80 g
Saturated Fat Less Than 20 g 25 g
Cholesterol Less Than 300 mg 300 mg
Sodium Less Than 2,400 mg 2,400 mg
Potassium 3,500 mg 3,500 mg
Total Carbohydrate 300 g 375 g
Dietary Fiber 25 g 30 g
Protein 50 g 65 g
Calories per gram:
Fat 9 • Carbohydrates 4 • Protein 4
Nutrition Facts
DIRECTIONS: Blend or stir 1 packet
(25 grams) of Formula 1 with 8 fl oz
of nonfat milk or soymilk. For a
complete meal, add 1 oz of fresh
fruit and enjoy!
INSTRUCCIONES: Mezcle o revuelva
1 paquete (25 gramos) de Fórmula 1
con 8 oz liquidas de leche
descremada o leche de soya. Para
una comida completa, agregue una
onza de fruta ¡y disfrute!
NOTICE: Before using this product, or beginning any
weight-control program, it is advisable to consult a
physician. This is especially important for individuals with
chronic kidney problems or insulin-dependent diabetes.
A healthy weight-loss program should include modest
calorie intake, balanced diet, and regular physical activity.
AVISO: Es recomendable consultar a su médico antes
de usar este producto o cualquier otro programa de control
de peso. Lo anterior es importante especialmente para
individuos con problemas renales crónicos o diabetes
insulina dependiente. Un programa saludable de perder
peso debe incluir una ingesta de calorías modesta,
una dieta balanceada y actividad física habitual.
CONTIENE INGREDIENTES DE LECHE, TRIGO Y SOYA.
25 grams of soy
protein a day, as part
of a diet low in
saturated fat and
cholesterol, may reduce
the risk of heart
disease. One serving of
Formula 1 provides 9
grams of soy protein.
Healthy Meal
Nutritional Shake Mix
For Healthy Nutrition & Weight Management
french vanilla
Artificially Flavored
NET WT 0.88 OZ (25 g)
FORMULA
Formulated exclusively for: HERBALIFE INTERNATIONAL OF AMERICA, INC., Los Angeles, CA 90080-0210, U.S.A. MADE IN U.S.A.
PKT4488US-00 ©2007 HERBALIFE
INGREDIENTS: Isolated soy protein,
fructose, corn bran fiber, powdered
cellulose, artificial French vanilla
flavor, guar gum, potassium
chloride, calcium caseinate, casein,
dicalcium phosphate, rice fiber, soy
lecithin, canola oil, carrageenan,
medium chain triglycerides,
dl-methionine,
fructooligosaccharides***,
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide,
licorice extract, natural vanilla
flavor, bacterially-derived patented
proteases (from Aminogen®†),
citrus pectin, psyllium husk, honey
powder, ginger root, ascorbic acid,
dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, licorice
root, hawthorne berry, gotu kola,
dandelion root, biotin, parsley,
papaya, ferrous fumarate,
niacinamide, zinc oxide, sodium
selenite, copper gluconate, vitamin
A palmitate, calcium pantothenate,
papain, bromelain, pyridoxine
hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamin
mononitrate, cholecalciferol
(vitamin D), cyanocobalamin, folic
acid, chromium amino acid chelate,
chromium aspartate, sodium
molybdate and chromium
nicotinate. CONTAINS MILK, WHEAT
AND SOYBEAN INGREDIENTS.
† Aminogen® contains protein enzymes
to improve the assimilation of dietary
proteins. Aminogen® is a registered
trademark of Triarco Industries, Inc.
***Frutooligosaccharides (FOS) are known
as prebiotics and help promote the
growth of positive flora.
Serving Size: 1 Packet (25 g)
Servings Per Packet: 1
Powder
Amount w/ 8 fl oz
Per Serving Powder nonfat milk
Calories 90 180
Fat cal 10 15
% Daily Value**
Total Fat 1 g* 2% 2%
Saturated Fat 0 g 0% 2%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg 0% 1%
Sodium 140 mg 6% 11%
Potassium 210 mg 6% 18%
Total Carb. 13 g 4% 8%
Dietary Fiber 3 g 12% 12%
Sugars 9 g
Protein 9 g 18% 34%
Vitamin A 25% 35%
Vitamin C 25% 25%
Calcium 8% 30%
Iron 10% 15%
Vitamin D 25% 50%
Vitamin E 25% 25%
Thiamin 25% 30%
Riboflavin 25% 50%
Niacin 25% 25%
% Daily Value**
Vitamin B6 25% 30%
Folate 25% 30%
Vitamin B12 25% 45%
Biotin 25% 25%
Pantothenic Acid 25% 35%
Phosphorus 15% 35%
Magnesium 10% 15%
Zinc 25% 40%
Selenium 15% 25%
Copper 25% 25%
Chromium 8% 8%
Molybdenum 15% 15%
* Amount in Powder. One cup of Vitamin A & D fortified
nonfat milk contributes an additional 90 calories, 5
calories from fat, 0.4 g fat, 0.3 g saturated fat, 4 mg
cholesterol, 126 mg sodium, 406 mg potassium, 12 g
total carbohydrate (12 g sugars), and 8 g protein.
** Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie
diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower
depending on your calorie needs.
Calories 2,000 2,500
Total Fat Less Than 65 g 80 g
Saturated Fat Less Than 20 g 25 g
Cholesterol Less Than 300 mg 300 mg
Sodium Less Than 2,400 mg 2,400 mg
Potassium 3,500 mg 3,500 mg
Total Carbohydrate 300 g 375 g
Dietary Fiber 25 g 30 g
Protein 50 g 65 g
Calories per gram:
Fat 9 • Carbohydrates 4 • Protein 4
Nutrition Facts
DIRECTIONS: Blend or stir 1 packet
(25 grams) of Formula 1 with 8 fl oz
of nonfat milk or soymilk. For a
complete meal, add 1 oz of fresh
fruit and enjoy!
INSTRUCCIONES: Mezcle o revuelva
1 paquete (25 gramos) de Fórmula 1
con 8 oz liquidas de leche
descremada o leche de soya. Para
una comida completa, agregue una
onza de fruta ¡y disfrute!
NOTICE: Before using this product, or beginning any
weight-control program, it is advisable to consult a
physician. This is especially important for individuals with
chronic kidney problems or insulin-dependent diabetes.
A healthy weight-loss program should include modest
calorie intake, balanced diet, and regular physical activity.
AVISO: Es recomendable consultar a su médico antes
de usar este producto o cualquier otro programa de control
de peso. Lo anterior es importante especialmente para
individuos con problemas renales crónicos o diabetes
insulina dependiente. Un programa saludable de perder
peso debe incluir una ingesta de calorías modesta,
una dieta balanceada y actividad física habitual.
CONTIENE INGREDIENTES DE LECHE, TRIGO Y SOYA.
25 grams of soy
protein a day, as part
of a diet low in
saturated fat and
cholesterol, may reduce
the risk of heart
disease. One serving of
Formula 1 provides 9
grams of soy protein.
STATEMENT OF AVERAGE GROSS COMPENSATION
OF U.S. SUPERVISORS – 2010
Herbalife offers its Distributors an opportunity to achieve a lifetime of better health through its scientifically advanced weight management and nutrition products. While many of our Distributors join the Herbalife family simply to enjoy our life-changing products, others want to share their results and take advantage of the many income benefits our business opportunity provides. With Herbalife, you can work part-time and earn a supplemental income, or focus solely on your Herbalife Distributorship and increase your financial potential. It’s completely up to the individual how much he or she wants to achieve! A Distributor earns profits by buying Herbalife products at wholesale and reselling them at retail. If the Distributor wants to increase his or her involvement in the business and enjoy the possibility of higher levels of income, he or she may sponsor others into the business and develop an organization.
Over 25% of Distributors reach the rank of Supervisor and above (“Leader”), qualifying them for additional compensation which is paid by Herbalife based upon the sales production of those they have sponsored directly and indirectly. The annual gross compensation paid by Herbalife to all Leaders during 2010 averaged $2,700. Over 37% of Supervisors are “Active” (defined as those who generated at least 2,500 points of volume in 2010 after becoming Supervisor).The annual gross compensation paid by Herbalife to Active Leaders during 2010 averaged approximately $7,100.
Active Leaders
Earning Level % of Total Leaders % of Active Leaders Average Earnings (USD)
President’s Team 0.2% 0.6% $ 486,985
Millionaire Team 0.7% 1.8% $ 95,484
GET 2.5% 6.7% $ 21,343
World Team 2.9% 7.8% $ 5,688
Supervisor 31.3% 83.1% $ 812
______________________________________________________________________________________
Total 37.6% 100.0% $ 7,071
The amounts above are in addition to and do not include profits earned on the resale of products to consumers or other Distributors.
The figures stated above are not a guarantee nor are they a projection of a typical Distributor’s earnings or profits. Like any other independent business, the achievement or failure of a Distributor depends upon his or her skill set, commitment and desire to succeed. At Herbalife, the opportunity to earn more is always available to each and every Distributor.
Published: 04/20/11

LIST OF GOTHRAS

List of gotras
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (March 2010)

The word gotra means "lineage" in the Sanskrit language. While it is somewhat akin to a family name, the given name of a family is often different from its gotra, as given names may reflect the traditional occupation, place of residence or other important family characteristic rather than gotra.
People belonging to the same gotra also belong to the same caste in the Hindu social system. But there is a notable exception among matrilineal Tulu/Malayalee speakers where the lineages are the same across the castes.
For lists of gotras compounded by caste, refer to the following:
• Jats: refer to List of Jat clans
• Brahmins: refer to List of Brahmin gotras
• Viswabrahmins: refer to List of Viswabrahmin gotras
• Vysyas: refer to Komati (caste)
• Velamas: refer to Velama (caste)
• Dhangars: refer to List of Dhangar clans in India
• Kuruba Gowdas
• Gurjars: refer ro List of Gujjar clans
• Kammas
• Kongu Vellalar:refer to List of Kongu Vellalar Kootams
• Khatris: refer to List of Khatri last names
• Kapu/Telaga/Balija/Naidu [1]
• Nairs
• Reddys
• Rajputs: refer to Rajput clans
• Tuluva/Malayalees: refer to Tuluva Malayali lineage system
• Rohillas: refer to List of Rohilla Gotra
• Boyar caste: refer to Boyar gotras
• Mudaliars

Contents
[hide]
• 1 Castes belonging to gotras[1]
• 2 Bhatias gotra
• 3 Hindu gotras
• 4 References
• 5 External links

[edit] Castes belonging to gotras[1]
1. Bhaal gotra thirty five clans,
2. Kasyap Gotra eighty-two clans,
3. Atri Gotra seventy-five clans,
4. Bharaddwaj Gotra seventy-seven clans,
5. Jamadagni Gotra seventy-five clans,
6. Basniwal Gotra thirty-one clans,
7. Vasisht Gotra eighty clans,
8. Kausik Gotra forty-seven clans,
9. Naidhruva Gotra twenty-four clans,
10. Gautam Gotra fifteen clans,
11. Gfirgya Gotra sixteen clans,
12. Mudgal Gotra eight clans,
13. Vainya Gotra six clans,
14. Sandilya Gotra six clans,
15. Kulsa Gotra three clans,
16. Vatsa Gotra two clans,
17. Bhargau Gotra two clans,
18. Parthiva Gotra two clans,
19. Viswamitra Gotra one clan (Kale),
20. Vadrayana Gotra one clau (Bharbhare).
21. Kaundinya Gotra one clan (Ringe).
22. Upmanyu Gotra one clan (Tike),
23. Angiras Gotra one clan (Dhamankar).
24. Lohitaksh Gotra one clan (Ojhe).
25. Jemuni
26 Kashap Rajput Water Carriers :
[edit] Bhatias gotra
• The following is a partial list of 7 Gotras and 84 Nukh found in the Bhatia
community of Vaishnavs/Hindus:
• 1-PARASAR: Gajaria, Panchlodia, Paleja, Gagla, Soni, Sofla, Jia, Mogia, Dhadha,
Rika, Jigna, Kodhia, Radia, Kajaria, Sijiwali, Jalala, Malan, Dhewa, Dhiren, Jaiyati, Niya, Koa.
• 2-SARANHS (SANDILIYA): Dutia,Dhutia,Purecha,Porecha, Jab, Babla, Sukhdi, Dhawan,
Vanda, Udeshi, Vadhhuch, Belai, Dhega, Kanthia.
• 3-BHARDWAJ: Haria, Padamshi, Media. Jiwa, Thula, Tambod, Lajavanta, Thakar,
Bhuderia, Mota, Unegar, Sothia, Poda, Modia, Dhadhal, Devchandra, Asher.
• 4-SUDRVANSH: Sapat, Chachia, Nagra, Babla, Pramla. Potha, Poddhaga. Mathura
• 5-MADHAVADYSAVAS: Ved, Suraiya, Gokulgandhi, Nayagandhi, Panchal, Farasgandhi,
Paregandhi, Jujargandhi, Prema, Bibal, Powar.
• 6-DEVDAS: Ramaiya, Pawar, raja, Parajia, Gurugulab, Karatari, Dhadher, Kukad.
• 7-RUSHIVANSH: Multani, Chamuja, Daiya, Karangota, Kajia.
[edit] Hindu gotras
• Sawarna
• Marichi
• Manikya - Kuruba Gowdas
• Bhardwaj
• Agastya
• Angirasa
• Atri
• Bhrigu
• Kashyapa
• Koundinya
• Vasistha
• Harinama
• Vishvamitra
• Pamidikula
• Grandhisila
• Dosodia
• Siwal
• Serawat
• Haritasa హరితస
• Hansaj
• Gowans Gotra (Mundhra community)
[edit] References
1. ^ Sherring, Matthew Atmore (1872). Hindu tribes and castes, Volume 1. Pp. 82
[edit] External links
• Oswal Vansh and its gotras
• http://www.salagram.net/sstp-Gotras.html
This Hinduism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gotras"
Categories: Indian castes | Gotras | Kinship and descent | Hinduism stubs
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LIST OF INDIAN CASTES

List of Indian castes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2010)

A list of Indian castes:
• Aiyar
• Bhuiyar / Bhuyiar (Hindu Julaha,Bhaiyar Julaha, Kabir panthi, Kori, Koli)
• Mala
• Madiga
• Adi Dravida
o Arunthathiyar
o Chakkili
o Paraiah
• Adi Karnataka
• Kshatriya or Rajputs
• Ahirs | Abhiras
o Dhangar
• Dhobi
• Saini
• Slathia
• Kamboj | Kambojas | Kamboh (Descendants of ancient Kambojas--an Indo-Aryan tribe having Indian and Iranian affinities)
• Khash | Khasas
• Pahlav
• Yadavs | Yadavas
• Ahluwalia | Walia | Paul | Kalal
• Arain
• Arora
o Gera
• Arya Vysyas
• Awan
• Bahi
• Balija Naidu
• Boyar caste
o Boyar/Boya/Boyan
o Boya Naidu/Boya Nayak
o Talwar Boya/Taliari Boya/Talari Boya
o Nayaka
o Boya Palegar/Boya Palaigarar
• Bania
o Agarwal
o Barnwal
o Garg
o Gupta
o Bhurji / Bharbhunja (Hindu) /Bhojwal/Bhuj
o Sahu Vaishya
o Mahuri
o Maheshwari
• Rajbhar
• Bahti Caste
• Baurias
• Bhandari
• Bhatia
• Billava
• Brahmin
o Smartha or Advaitic Brahmins
 South Indian Smartha (Advaitic) Brahmins
o karthick......

 Iyer
 Vaidiki Brahmins
 Vaidiki Kasalanadu
 Vaidiki Mulukanadu
 Vaidiki Velanadu
 Vaidiki Veginadu
 Vaidiki Telanganya
 Namboothiri
 Badaganadu
 Hoysala Karnataka
 Sthanika Brahmins
 Havyaka
 Shivalli Smartha Brahmins
 Koti Brahmin
 Babboor Kamme
 Ambalavasi Brahmins
 Aruvela Niyogi Brahmins
 Maharashtrian Smartha (Advaitic) Brahmins
 Karhade
 Deshastha
 Konkanastha or Chitpavan
 Maharashtrian Devrukhe Brahmins
 Sarola Brahmins
 Hatwal
 Saraswat Brahmins
 Gaud Saraswat Brahmins
 Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins
 Daivadnya
o Sri Vaishnava or Sri Sampradaya
o Iyengar or Vishishtadvaitic Brahmins
 Vadagalai
 Tengalai
 Hebbar
 Mysore
 Mandyam
o Madhva or Dvaitic Brahmins
 Madhva Deshasta
 Shivalli Madhwa Brahmin
 Madhva Kannada Brahmins
 Telugu Madhwa Brahmin
o Anavil Brahmin
o Bhumihar Brahmin
o Tyagi Brahmin
o Audichya Brahmin
o Maithil Brahmin
o Bengali Brahmin
o Bengali Vaid Brahmin
o Kanyakubja Brahmin
o Shivalli Brahmins
• Bunt
• Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
• Charan
• Chamar | Ravidasia
• Chambhar (Marathi cobbler caste)
• Chettiar
• Chhimba
• Chuhra
• Dalit (outcaste)
• Devendrar
• Dhangar
• Ediga
• Ezhava
• Goud
• GangaPutra
• Gounder
• Irani
• Jambavas
• Jats
• jamwal
• Kapu (caste)
• Kalal
• Konar
• Koiry
• kharwar(kharagvanshi kshatriya)
• khangar(Arkawanshi kshatriya)
• Kumhar | Prajapati
• Kumbhar Marathi potter caste
• Kurmi | Kanbi | Kumbi | Kunbi | Kudumbis
• Kurni
• Kamma (caste)
• kir/keer
• Kayastha
• Khatris | Mahajan | Lala | Shahs(jaggi)
o Rajputs
o Lonia Rajput
o Lodhi Rajput
o Rajus
• Kongu Vellalar
• Kuravar
• Kori | Koli (Bhuiyar, Kabir Panthi, Hindu Julaha)
• Kuruba Gowda | Kuruman | Kurumbar | Kurumar | kurumba | kurichan | kurumba gounder
• Laheri/Lahiri
• Leva Patil[kshtriyas]
• Labana
• Lingayat
• Lohana
• Lohar
• Maravar
• Mudaliar
• Mahadiga
• Madiga
• Mogaveera
• Madar
• Maher
• Mahar, Meharaa,Taral, Dhegu-Megu
• Mang (Marathi dalit caste)
• Garudi (Marathi snake charmer caste)
• Kolhati (Marathi caste)
• Mali (phul) (Marathi gardener caste)
• Maratha (Kshatriyas)
• Mazabhi
• Mers (Kshatriyas)
• Mistry
• Nadar caste
• Naidu
• Nai
• Nair
• Ontari
• Padmashali
• Parkavakulam
• Parekh
• Prajapati (Kshatriya Kumhar) Sandip Sunil Prajapati
• Pariah
• Padayatchi
• Pallar
• Paravas or Bharathar or Fernandos
• Pillai
• Pulayar
• Rais
• Reddiar
• Gavara
• Reddy
• Phool Mali
• Ror also known as Ror Maratha
• shivajyothi
• Sagar
• Sansi
• Sekhri
• Sengunthar
• Shettigar
• Sourashtra
• Somvanshi Kshatriya Pathare Prabhu
• Sonar (Marathi Goldsmith caste)
• Sonjhari (Marathi caste associated with collecting gold dust from river beds)
• Suryavanshi Aare Katika
• Suthar (carpenter caste in Rajasthan and Gujarat) / Sutar (Marathi carpenter caste)
• Shimpi (Marathi tailor caste)
• Swakula Sali (Marathi weaver caste)
• Tarkhan
• Telaga Nayudu
• Teli
• Tili
• Satgope
• Bramhin
• Tigala
• Twashta Kansar/Tambat
• Vaishya
• Valmiki
• Velama
o Koppala Velama
o Padmanayaka Velama
• Vanniyar
• Vishwakarma
• Vellalar
o Lohar
• Kannada Vaishya
• Vokkaliga
• Yerukala
• Yadav
• Gangwar
• Gujjar (or Gurjaras)
• Gondhali
• Gadariya
• Kacher
• Uppara
• Uniyal (Brahmin jati of Garhwal)(Gotra: Kashyap and Bhardwaj)
• Ghardhora
These are the Hindu castes, which form the root of Indian society. The Christian, Muslim and castes in other religions in India, are a result of the extension of the Hindu caste system into the society of the people of these religions even after conversion. An example of non-Hindu caste system, is the caste system in Kerala, among the Christians, which is considered to be more highly polarized than that of Hindus, due to the absence of jatis. Examples of endogamous ethno-religious castes among Christians, are the Syrian Malabar Nasranis, who are of mixed Brahmin, and Jewish origin, and are thus among the highest castes in Kerala, and the Latin-rite Catholics, who are a scheduled caste, i.e, a lower caste.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_castes"
Categories: Indian castes | India-related lists
Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from June 2010 | All articles lacking sources
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http://www.ToLearnEnglish.com - Resources to learn/teach English (courses, games, grammar, daily page...)
Nouns: gender

1) General rule
English nouns rarely change form, even to indicate gender. As a general rule, only nouns referring to people and some animals reflect gender in their form. By the same token, unlike many other languages, the adjectives modifying nouns will remain unchanged.
Example: My poor little dog died.

2) However, certain nouns -- especially those referring to people -- may have different forms to indicate masculin or feminine usage:
man -- woman
gentleman -- lady
actor -- actress
uncle -- aunt
father -- mother

The same can be said of certain male and female animals:
a buck, a doe
a ram, a ewe
a bull, a cow
a stallion, a mare

3) In other cases, the word "male" or "female" is added, if it is considered necessary to be specific:
a female cat
a male giraffe

4) Pronouns
Note: If the gender of the person or animal is known, one will generally use the pronoun "he" or "she" to refer to it, as appropriate. When the gender is left unstated, the pronoun "he" is generally used when speaking of people, or "it" when speaking of animals. Some objects are also considered to be gendered in certain usages: some people may refer to a boat or a car as "she."

5) Man/Woman
Certain nouns (especially the names of professions) are traditionally associated with men or women, in which case one signals exceptions to the tradition by adding "woman" (or "lady") or "man" to the term:
They are in a group of male dancers.
My wife prefers to see a woman doctor.
TEST - Find the feminine forms: bull, cat, man, doctor, buck, uncle, actor, father

ANSWERS cow, female cat, woman, woman doctor, doe, actress, mother

http://www.ToLearnEnglish.com - Resources to learn/teach English (courses, games, grammar, daily page...)
Plurals

> As a general rule, the plural is formed by adding "-s" to the singular form of nouns.
shoe --> shoes | book --> books | river --> rivers
> Nouns ending in "s" or "s" will generally take the ending "-es" :
bus --> buses | kiss --> kisses
> Words ending in "y" will generally take the ending "-ies" in place of the "y":
party --> parties | supply --> supplies
> A few words have very irregular forms in the plural:
one man --> two men
one woman --> two women
one person --> two people
one foot --> two feet
one mouse --> two mice
one goose --> two geese
one tooth --> two teeth
one wife --> two wives
one child --> two children
one knife --> two knives
one thief --> two thieves
one dwarf --> two dwarves (or: dwarfs)
one potato --> two potatoes
one leaf --> two leaves
one life --> two lives
one loaf --> two loaves
one half --> two halves
> A small set of words do not change form in the plural:
one moose --> two moose
one sheep --> two sheep
one aircraft --> two aircraft

> Words of Greek or Latin origin which have retained their original endings will generally take the plural form associated with the language they are drawn from:
one alumnus --> two alumni
one syllabus --> two syllabi
one alumna --> two alumnae
one alga --> many algae
one criterion --> many criteria
one forum --> many fora (or : forums)
one thesis --> two theses
one hypothesis --> two hypotheses
one phenomenon --> two phenomena
one cactus --> two cacti (or : cactuses)
one diagnosis --> two diagnoses
one oasis --> two oases
one analysis --> two analyses

> A few nouns are invariable or collective, always indicating a plural meaning:
She gave me some information.
Michelle has a lot of clothes.
TEST - >> Find the plural
table, child, thief, mouse, thief, potato, tooth, alga, goose, wife, sheep, life

ANSWERS >tables, children, thieves, mice, women, potatoes, teeth, algae, geese, wives, sheep, lives
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Possessive

It is used with nouns referring to people, groups of people, countries, and animals. 'Belonging to' or 'ownership' is one of the relationships it expresses :
John owns a car. ('John' is the possessor or owner)
It is John's car.
America has some gold reserves. ('America' is the owner)
They are America's gold reserves.

Form
To form the possessive, add 's ('apostrophe -s') to the noun.
If the noun is plural, or already ends in -s, just add: ' (an apostrophe).
For names ending in -s:
In speaking- we add the sound /iz/ to the name, but -in writing- the 's form is common. e.g. Thomas's book, James's shop.
Examples:
The car of John = John's car.
The room of the girls = The girls' room.
Clothes for men = Men's jobs.
The sister of Charles = Charles's sister.
The boat of the sailors = The sailors' boat.

The possessive is also used to refer to shops, restaurants, churches and colleges, using the name or job title of the owner. Examples:
the grocer's the doctor's the vet's
the newsagent's the chemist's Smith's
the dentist's Tommy Tucker's Saint Mary's

I've got an appointment at the dentist's at eleven o'clock.
TEST Say if these sentences are correct or wrong.
1. Peter's boat is really beautiful. 2. I like dog's John. It is so cute! 3. I had a walk with Thomas's girlfriend. 4. Women's jobs are very hard! 5. I went to the dentist.

ANSWERS 1. Peter's boat is really beautiful. OK | 2. I like dog's John. It is so cute! WRONG> John's dog | 3. I had a walk with Thomas's girlfriend. OK | 4. Women's jobs are very hard! OK | 5. I went to the dentist. WRONG> to the dentist's.
http://www.ToLearnEnglish.com - Resources to learn/teach English (courses, games, grammar, daily page...) For ESL/EFL learners/teachers.
Adjectives: forms & usage
> Forms:
Adjectives are generally invariable in English and do not agree with nouns in number and gender.
a blue car
the great outdoors
a group of young women
However, a few adjectives have a connotation which is slightly masculine or feminine. Thus, one says that a woman is beautiful while a man would be called handsome.
Adjectives indicating religion or nationality (or a region, state or province) generally begin with a capital letter, whether they refer to people or objects:
She is an American student.
They go to a Catholic school.
They enjoy Breton music.

> Usage:
The adjective will be placed, with very few exceptions, in front of the noun it modifies. When two adjectives precede a noun, they can be connected by a comma (,) or by the conjunction"and." In a series of three or more adjectives, one usually uses "and" before the last adjective in the list.
Examples: I like short novels.
That fellow will be a competent worker.
She writes long and flowery letters.
He works long, hard hours.
She had a mean, old and overbearing step-mother.

An adjective may follow the noun when it is in a predicate (after the verb) or in a relative clause. (In relative clauses the relative pronoun may be implicit.)
Examples: He was a man (who was) always happy to help others.
She is a woman (who is) true to herself.
They were entirely satisfied.
TEST
Complete this sentence with an article, a noun and an adjective: Peter has ...
- adjectives: elegant / short / brown / long / little / blue / warm / curly
- articles: a / an / (nothing)
- nouns: coat / gloves / beard / eyes

ANSWERS > examples (there are more correct answers): an elegant / warm coat - brown / short gloves - curly / little beard - blue eyes - an elegant, warm, blue coat
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Adjective placement
Where should I put my adjectives? When you use several adjectives, please use he following order to build your sentence. Please note that sentences containg 4 (or more!) adjectives are very awkward and should be split into several sentences.

Opinion
>> an interesting movie, an exciting journey

Dimension
>> a large house, a big car

Age
>> an old boat, a young boy

Shape
>> an oval carpet, a round table

Colour
>> a grey raincoat, a green door

Origin
>> French bread, a Japanese town

Material
>> a plastic bottle, a wooden treasure

EXAMPLES:
>A wonderful old Italian clock. (opinion - age - origin)
>A big square blue box. (dimension - shape - colour)
>A disgusting pink plastic ornament. (opinion - colour - material)
>Some slim new French trousers. (dimension - age - origin)
TEST
Build a phrase with this noun and these adjectives
1. book >> interesting - small - Spanish
2. house >> beautiful - modern - small
3. cap >> cotton - funny - green
4. picture >> modern - ugly - rectangular
ANSWERS 1. An interesting small Spanish book. 2. A beautiful small modern house 3. A funny green cotton cap 4. An ugly modern rectangular picture
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Reflexive pronouns
> Reflexive pronouns are used to show that the actions described by a verb act upon the subject of the verb: the subject and the object are thus the same. The forms of reflexive pronouns correspond to the forms of the subject pronouns:
Subject pronouns
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they Reflexive pronouns
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

> To use a verb reflexively, the reflexive pronoun must follow the verb (and, in the case of an intransitive verb, it will follow any preposition used with the verb). If there are multiple verbs in the sentence, the reflexive pronoun follows the verb to which it applies:
I told myself it would never happen.
She talks to herself all the time.
Look at yourself in that mirror!
I would like to give myself a raise.

> At the end of a sentence, one can add reflexive pronouns as a way of accentuating the subject in the sentence. In this case, the verb does not have reflexive power:
I would rather do that myself.
Can you talk to him yourself?
TEST
Fill in the gaps with the correct pronouns:
1) The door opens ________________ when someone comes near it.
2) Look at your umbrella! You should buy ________________ a new one.
3) There was so much noise, I couldn't make ________________ heard.
4) "- Who taught you Latin?" || "- I taught ________________ ."
5) They lost the match and were ashamed of ________________ .

ANSWERS:
1) itself | 2) yourself | 3) myself | 4) myself | 5) themselves
http://www.ToLearnEnglish.com - Resources to learn/teach English (courses, games, grammar, daily page...)
Reflexive pronouns
> Reflexive pronouns are used to show that the actions described by a verb act upon the subject of the verb: the subject and the object are thus the same. The forms of reflexive pronouns correspond to the forms of the subject pronouns:
Subject pronouns
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they Reflexive pronouns
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

> To use a verb reflexively, the reflexive pronoun must follow the verb (and, in the case of an intransitive verb, it will follow any preposition used with the verb). If there are multiple verbs in the sentence, the reflexive pronoun follows the verb to which it applies:
I told myself it would never happen.
She talks to herself all the time.
Look at yourself in that mirror!
I would like to give myself a raise.

> At the end of a sentence, one can add reflexive pronouns as a way of accentuating the subject in the sentence. In this case, the verb does not have reflexive power:
I would rather do that myself.
Can you talk to him yourself?
TEST
Fill in the gaps with the correct pronouns:
1) The door opens ________________ when someone comes near it.
2) Look at your umbrella! You should buy ________________ a new one.
3) There was so much noise, I couldn't make ________________ heard.
4) "- Who taught you Latin?" || "- I taught ________________ ."
5) They lost the match and were ashamed of ________________ .

ANSWERS:
1) itself | 2) yourself | 3) myself | 4) myself | 5) themselves
http://www.ToLearnEnglish.com - Resources to learn/teach English (courses, games, grammar, daily page...)
Nationalities
COUNTRY ADJECTIVE NOUN
Africa African an African
America American an American
Argentina Argentinian an Argentinian
Austria Austrian an Austrian
Autralia Australian an Australian
Bangladesh Bangladesh(i) a Bangladeshi
Belgium Belgian a Belgian
Brazil Brazilian a Brazilian
Britain British a Briton/Britisher
Cambodia Cambodian a Cambodian
Chile Chilean a Chilean
China Chinese a Chinese
Colombia Colombian a Colombian
Croatia Croatian a Croat
the Czech Republic Czech a Czech
Denmark Danish a Dane
England English an Englishman/Englishwoman
Finland Finnish a Finn
France French a Frenchman/Frenchwoman
Germany German a German
Greece Greek a Greek
Holland Dutch a Dutchman/Dutchwoman
Hungary Hungarian a Hungarian
Iceland Icelandic an Icelander
India Indian an Indian
Indonesia Indonesian an Indonesian
Iran Iranian an Iranian
Iraq Iraqi an Iraqi
Ireland Irish an Irishman/Irishwoman
Israel Israeli an Israeli
Jamaica Jamaican a Jamaican
Japan Japanese a Japanese
Mexico Mexican a Mexican
Morocco Moroccan a Moroccan
Norway Norwegian a Norwegian
Peru Peruvian a Peruvian
the Philippines Philippine a Filipino
Poland Polish a Pole
Portugal Portuguese a Portuguese
Rumania Rumanian a Rumanian
Russia Russian a Russian
Saudi Arabia Saudi, Saudi Arabian a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian
Scotland Scottish a Scot
Serbia Serbian a Serb
the Slovak Republic Slovak a Slovak
Sweden Swedish a Swede
Switzerland Swiss a Swiss
Thailand Thai a Thai
The USA American an American
Tunisia Tunisian a Tunisian
Turkey Turkish a Turk
Vietnam Vietnamese a Vietnamese
Wales Welsh a Welshman/Welshwoman
Yugoslavia Yugoslav a Yugoslav

TEST - Build full sentences:
Example: He lives in Edinburgh. He's from Scotland. He is Scottish. He is a Scot.
1. He lives in Paris. 2. He lives in Washington. 3. She lives in Cardiff. 4. He lives in Amsterdam. 5. He lives in Brussels.

ANSWERS 1. He lives in Paris. He is from France. He is French. He is a Frenchman. 2. He lives in Washington. He is from America. He is American. He is an American. 3. She lives in Cardiff. She is from Wales. She is Welsh. She is a Welshwoman. 4. He lives in Amsterdam. He is from Holland. He is Dutch. He is a Dutchman. 5. He lives in Brussels. He is from Belgium. He is Belgian. He is a Belgian.
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SOME, ANY, NO

SOME: used in positive sentences for countable and uncountable nouns.
Example: I have some friends.
ANY: used in negative sentences or questions for countable and uncountable nouns.
Example: Do you have any cheese? - He doesn't have any friends in Chicago.
EXCEPTION! "some" is used in questions when offering or requesting something that is there.
Examples: Would you like some bread? (offer) - Could I have some water? (request)
SOMEBODY, SOMEWHERE, SOMETHING: Used in positive sentences.
Example: He lives somewhere near here.
ANYBODY, ANYWHERE, ANYTHING: Used in negative sentences or questions.
Examples: Do you know anything about that boy? - She doesn't have anywhere to go.
NOTHING: Used in positive sentences (with a negative meaning).
Example: This show is very boring! There's nothing interesting!
TEST
1) A / AN, SOME or ANY?
1. I've got ………………. cookbook. / 2. There is ……………….water in the fridge. / 3. There isn't ……………….whisky left in the bottle. / 4. There was……………….bottle of whisky on the shelf. / 5. She wants to eat ……………….apple. / 6. Have we got ……………….chips?

2) SOMETHING, ANYTHING OR NOTHING ?
1. He's hungry, but there's …………………… to eat in the fridge!
2. I don't want to eat……………………
3. I can see …………………… under the table. What is it?
4. "Pardon? What did you say?" - "……………………"
5. Is there …………………… interesting to watch on TV tonight?

ANSWERS:
Exercise 1) 1: a | 2: some | 3: any | 4: a | 5: an | 6. any - Exercise 2) 1: nothing | 2: anything | 3: something | 4: Nothing! | 5: anything

QUANTITIES
a) 1st match: SOME vs. ANY
SOME ANY
1) In positive sentences:
I need some butter.

2) In questions when offering or requesting something that is there:
Could I have some water, please? 1) In questions:
Is there any cheese left?
2) In negative sentences:
There isn't any milk left.

b) 2nd match: MUCH vs. MANY
MUCH MANY
MUCH + singular
There is much traffic. MANY + plural
There are many cars.

TEST
Choose the correct answer.
a) I have (some/any) homework to do for tomorrow.
b) I don't see (some/any) ducks there!
c) Can I have (some/any) wine, please?
d) Are there (some/any) vegetables left?

e) There are (much/many) people in the cinema.
f) Don't eat (much/many) sugar.
ANSWERS
a) I have some homework to do for tomorrow.
b) I don't see any ducks there!
c) Can I have some wine, please.
d) Are there any vegetables left?

e) There are many people in the cinema.
f) Don't eat much sugar.

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

I) What is a countable noun?

a) It is a noun which is for things we can count.
Examples of countable nouns: table, bag, school
We can say: one table, two tables... one bag, two bags...

b) It usually has a plural form:
Examples: table > tables | bag > bags | school > schools

II) What is an uncountable noun?
a) It is a noun which is for things we cannot count.
Examples of uncountable nouns: tea, sugar, water, air, rice.

b) Uncountable nouns are often the names for abstract ideas or qualities.
Examples: knowledge, beauty, anger, fear, love.

c) They usually do not have a plural form. They are used with a singular verb.
Examples: we cannot say "sugars, angers, knowledges".

d) We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of one of these nouns, we use a word or expression like:
some, a lot of, a piece of, a bit of, a great deal of...
Examples:
He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
They've got a lot of furniture.

III) TEST
What have you understood?
Write the letter "C" in front of Countable nouns and the letter "U" in front of Uncountable nouns.

The first one has been done for you:

___U_____ water
_________ boat
_________ record
_________ money

_________ tree
_________ furniture
_________ evidence

_________ TV set
_________ happiness
_________ bottle
_________ wall
_________ garden
_________ advice

_________ baggage

_________ information

_________ window
_________ news

IV) CORRECTION

Here are the Uncountable nouns: water, money, furniture, evidence, happiness, advice, baggage, information, news

"THE" or nothing?

1. Main rule:
The definite article "the" (invariable in form) designates a person, place, or event which has been specified or defined by the speaker:
Here's the book I bought.
The cat is on the roof.
He said he would bring the money.

2. Omission of the definite article
No article is necessary in the following cases:
2.1 Before abstract nouns or nouns representing general categories. It is often omitted after verbs expressing opinions or preferences:
Truth is the highest good.
I don't like animals.
Cats are nicer than dogs.
Time flies.
She likes coffee, but she hates tea.

2.2 Before days of the week and dates:
On Tuesdays museums are closed.
On Saturdays I sleep in.
I was born on June 16, 1980.

2.3 Before names of countries, states, cities, and regions:
France is seventeen times smaller than the United States.
California is larger than Brittany.
Exception: Some names actually include the definite article, such as The Hague, the United States (of America)

2.4. Before titles or nouns indicating professions:
President Mitterrand completed two terms.
We saw Professor Miller at the restaurant.
She met with Doctor Schmidt.
TEST: Add the definite article "THE" when it is required.
1) I've just seen ________ latest movie by Spielberg.
2) ________ freedom is the best thing on Earth.
3) ________ Prince Charles will be a good King.
4) ________ boy sitting there is called John.
5) I really like ________ Queen Elizabeth III.
6) I don't like ________ vegetables.
7) On ________ Sundays, I sleep all day long.
8) ________ house we've just visited is the most expensive.
9) ________ life is so boring!
10) ________ Spain is a very nice country!

ANSWERS 1. the | 2. X | 3. X | 4. The | 5. X | 6. X | 7. X | 8. The | 9. X | 10. X

THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE

> "this" is used for an object (singular) which is near the interlocutor.
Example: This book is the best book on Earth.
> Plural : "these" (several objects).
Example: These books are the best books on Earth.
> "that" is used for one object (singular) which is far from the interlocutor..
Example: That is his car over there.
> Plural : those (several objects)
Example: Those are his toys over there.
> "there" is used for one object (singular) which exists - or "is" (near to us).
Example: There is (There's) a table next to the window.
> Plural: "there are"
Example: There are many of my friends at the party tonight.

TEST:
John: Could you please give me ________ (1) record on the table over there?
Mike: Do you want ____________ (2) record here?
John: Yes, ________ (3) record.
Mike: Here you are. Oh, could you give me ________ (4) pens on the table over there?
John: _________ (5) ? Sure, here you are.

ANSWERS 1. that 2. this 3. that 4. those 5. These
Present (BE + -ING)

Have a look at this picture:

- What are they doing?
- They are playing football.

Main use: action which is being done at the same moment.
Syntax: Auxiliary BE (conjugated) + Verb ending in -ING
Examples:
I am playing football.
You are playing football.
He/She/It is playing football.
We are playing football.
You are playing football.
They are playing football.

Negation: I am not playing football, you are not playing football...
Question: Am I playing football? Are you playing football? Is he playing football? ...
Answers:
Are they playing football?
Long answers: Yes, they're playing football. No, they aren't playing football.
Short answers: Yes, they are. No, they aren't.

TEST - Fill in the gaps
1. They ........................ (study) at the moment.
2. She ........................ TV.
3. What ........................ (you/read) at the moment?
4. I ........................ (cook) dinner tonight. Would you like to come?
5. It ........................ (work). I think it's broken.
6. He ........................ (learn) German for his job.
ANSWERS
1. are studying | 2. She is watching TV. | 3. What are you reading at the moment? | 4. I am cooking | 5. It is not working | 6. He is learning

Present Simple

- What time do you wake up?
- I wake up at 9.30 am

Main uses: permanent situations, regular habits and daily routine; feelings
Syntax: In the positive form, add an 's' to the base form of the 3rd person singular. If the verb ends in -y preceded by a consonant, change the -y to -ies
Examples:
I wake up
You wake up
He/She/It wakeS up
We wake up
You wake up
They wake up
Negative:Conjugate 'do' + not (don't and doesn't) + the base form of the verb to make negatives.
I don't wake up at 9.30 am
She doesn't wake up at 9.30 am
Question: Conjugate 'do' (do or does) + the base form of the verb in question forms.
Do you wake up at 9.30?
Does she wake up at 9.30?
Answers:
Do you wake up at 9.30 ?
Long answer: Yes, I wake up at 9.30 No, I don't wake up at 9.30
Short answer: Yes, I do. No, I don't.

TEST
1. The cinema _______________ (close) at 7 pm.
2. The _______________ (not/think) that you should buy this dress.
3. We usually _______________ (take) a taxi to go to work.
4. How often _______________ (you go) to the swimming-pool?
5. Courses _______________ (begin) the third of September.
6. When _______________ (he arrive) home in the evenings?
7. They _______________ (not/live) in Washington, they _______________ (live) in New York.
8. We usually _______________ (take) a taxi to go to work.
9. He _______________ (get up) early on Mondays.
10. I _______________ (not/believe) in witches.
11. The Sun's rays _______________ (take) eight minutes to reach the Earth.

ANSWERS
1. closes - 2. do not think = don't think - 3. take - 4. do you go - 5. begin - 6. when does he arrive home? - 7. don't live | live - 8. take - 9. gets up - 10. don't believe - 11. take
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (BE + -ING) vs PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT (BE + -ING) PRESENT SIMPLE
Main use Action which is being done at the same moment Permanent situations; regular habits and daily routine; feelings
Affirmative AUXILIARY BE + verb ending in -ING
eg: I am playing, you are playing, he/she/it is playing, we are playing, you are playing, they are playing In the positive form, add an 's' to the base form of the 3rd person singular.

eg : I play, you play, he/she/it plays, we play, you play, they play
Exceptions 1) If the verb ends in "-e", remove the "-e": smoke -> he is smoking
2) If the verb has one syllable AND if it ends in "consonant-vowel-consonant", double the final consonant: run -> running 1) If the verb ends in "ch", "s", "sh", "x", "z", "o", add "-es" to the base forme of the 3rd p sg: she goes, he catches
2) If the verb ends in -y preceded by a consonant, change the "-y" to "-ies": study -> he studies.
Negative Use NOT
eg: I am not playing Use DO NOT / DON'T or DOES NOT / DOESN'T (3rd p sg)
eg: I don't play, she doesn't play
Questions Auxiliary BE at the beginning of the question
eg: Are you playing football? Auxiliary DO or DOES at the beginning of the question
eg: Do you play football? Does he play football?
Short answers Use BE
eg: Yes, I am. No, he isn't. Use DO or DOES
eg: Yes, I do. No, he doesn't.

TEST : Fill in the gaps with the verb (choose the correct present):
1. We _______________ (not/think) that you should buy this dress.
2. At the moment, he _______________ (learn) German for his job.
3. We usually _______________ (take) a taxi to go to work.
4. How often _______________ (you go) to the swimming-pool?
5. The cinema _______________ (close) at 7 pm.
6. Look! She _______________ TV.
7. Courses generally _______________ (begin) on the third of September.
8. When _______________ (he arrive) home in the evenings?
9. What _______________ (you/read) at the moment?
10. They _______________ (not/live) in Washington; they _______________ (live) in New York.
11. We usually _______________ (take) a taxi to go to work.
12. It _______________ (work). I think it's broken.
13. He _______________ (get up) early on Mondays.
14. I _______________ (not/believe) in witches.
15. The Sun's rays _______________ (take) eight minutes to reach the Earth.
16. They _______________ (study) at the moment.
ANSWERS
1. We don't think that you should buy this dress.
2. At the moment, he is learning German for his job.
3. We usually take a taxi to go to work.
4. How often do you go to the swimming-pool?
5. The cinema closes at 7 pm.
6. Look! She is watching TV.
7. Courses generally begin on the third of September.
8. When do you arrive home in the evenings?
9. What are you reading at the moment?
10. They don't live in Washington; they live in New York.
11. We usually take a taxi to go to work.
12. It is not working. I think it's broken.
13. He doesn't get up early on Mondays.
14. I don't believe in witches.
15. The Sun's rays take eight minutes to reach the Earth.
16. They are studying at the moment.
Present simple or Present continuous?

Put the verbs into the correct tense (present simple OR present continuous):
The train always ________________(1: leave) on time.
"What's the matter? Why ________________(2: cry/you)?"
That's strange. They________________(3: not to watch) TV.
He________________(4: not to speak) very good English.
Please be quiet! I________________(5: do) my homework.
Where________________(6: live/they)?
Listen! John ________________ music! (7: play)
I never ________________(8: go) to the swimming pool.

Harold Black's a famous pianist. He________________(9: give) two or three concerts every week. He ________________(10: travel) a lot and this week he's in New York. He________________(11: stay) at an expensive hotel. He's at his hotel now. He________________(12: have) his breakfast in the dining-room. He________________(13: drink) a cup of coffee and he________________(14: read) a newspaper. Harold's always very busy. He________________(15: play) the piano regularly. He________________(16: practise) for four hours every day. He________________(17: go) to bed late and he always ________________(18: get up) early. But he sometimes________________(19: get) dressed too quickly, and this morning he________________(20: wear) one blue sock and one red one!

ANSWERS
1. leaves | 2. are you crying | 3. are not watching (= aren't watching) | 4. does not speak (= doesn't speak) | 5. am doing | 6. do they live | 7. is playing | 8. go
9. gives | 10. travels | 11. is staying (= he's staying) | 12. is having | 13. is drinking | 14. is reading | 15. plays | 16. practises | 17. doesn't go | 18. gets up | 19. gets | 20. is wearing
Past Simple (Preterite)

Main use: past action (dated and definite)
-- REGULAR VERBS --
Did they play football yesterday?
>> Yes, they played football yesterday.
= Yes, they did.
>> No, they didn't play football.
= No, they didn't.
-- IRREGULAR VERBS --
Did they win yesterday?
>> Yes, they won.
= Yes, they did.
No, they didn't win yesterday.
= No, they didn't.
TEST - Fill in the gaps:
____________ (1: you/go) to London yesterday?
Yes, I ____________ (2): I ____________ (3: take) the Eurostar and I ____________ (4: arrive) at Waterloo Station. I ____________ (5: meet) old friends there. They ____________ (6: be) all very happy to see me. I ____________ (7: visit) the town with them and I even ____________ (8: see) Prince Charles! I ____________ (9: go) to Buckingham Palace too! It ____________ (10: be) a wonderful journey!

ANSWERS
1: did you go | 2: did | 3: took | 4: arrived | 5. met | 6. were | 7: visited | 8: saw | went | was
(GO, TAKE, MEET, BE, SEE are irregular).
Irregular Verbs
Infinitive - Preterite - Past participle
be - was/were - been
bear - bore - born
become - became - become
begin - began - begun
bet - bet - bet
bite - bit - bitten
blow - blew - blown
break - broke - broken
bring - brought - brought
build - built - built
burn - burnt - burnt
buy - bought - bought
catch - caught - caught
choose - chose - chosen
come - came - come
cost - cost - cost
cut - cut - cut
do - did - done
draw - drew - drawn
dream - dreamt - dreamt
drink - drank - drunk
drive - drove - driven
eat - ate - eaten
fall - fell - fallen
feel - felt - felt - ressentir
fight - fought - fought
find - found - found
fly - flew - flown
forget - forgot - forgotten
forgive - forgave - forgiven
get - got - got
give - gave - given
go - went - gone
have -had - had
hear - heard - heard
keep - kept - kept
leave - left - left
know - knew - known
lose - lost - lost
make - made - made
meet - met - met
read - read - read
ring - rang - rung
say - said - said
see - saw - seen
sit - sat - sat
sleep - slept - slept
swim - swam - swum
take - took - taken
think - thought - thought
write - wrote - written
TEST - YOUR TURN NOW!
We give you one form. You must find the 2 other forms.
1. give - ?? - ??
2. ?? - drew - ??
3. ?? - ?? - begun
4. fly - ?? - ??
5. ?? - sat - ??
6. ?? - ?? - brought
7. ?? - ?? - ??
8. build - ?? - ?? - ??

ANSWERS 1. give - gave - given | 2. draw - drew - drawn | 3. begin - began - begun | 4. fly - flew - flown | 5. sit - sat - sat | 6. bring - brought - brought | 7. write - wrote - written | 8. build - built - built
Preterite: BE + -ING

Main use: action in the past, which was being done, when another short action interrupted it.
Syntax: auxiliary BE (was/were) + Verb + -ING
Examples:
Were they playing football when you saw them yesterday?
Answers:
Yes, they were playing football when I saw them yesterday.
= Yes, they were.
No, they weren't playing football when I saw them yesterday.
= No, they weren't.
TEST
Please choose the correct tense: simple past or BE+-ING?
I _____________ (1: have) a bath yesterday when the phone _____________ (2: ring). "That must be my mother," I _____________ (3: think). As I _____________ (4: get) out of the bath, I _____________ (5: put) my foot on my watch and I _____________ (6: break) it. The phone _____________ (7: still/ring). I _____________ (8: run) out of the bathroom and I _____________ (9: hit) my head on the door. It _____________ (10: hurt) terribly and I _____________ (11: want) to sit down for a moment, but the phone _____________ (12: still/ring). "Please wait a minute, mother," I _____________ (13: think). The cats _____________ (14: sit) at the top of the stairs. I _____________ (15: not/see) them and I _____________ (16: fall). At the bottom of the stairs I _____________ (17: get up). My right leg _____________ (18: hurt) more than my head. The phone _____________ (19: still/ring). At last I _____________ (20: answer) it. It _____________ (21: be) my mother. "Hello, dear. Is evrything all right?" she _____________ (22: say).

ANSWERS:
1: was having | 2: rang | 3: thought | 4: was getting | 5: put | 6: broke | 7: was still ringing | 8: ran | 9: hit | 10: hurt | 11: wanted | 12: was still ringing | 13: thought | 14: were sitting | 15: didn't see | 16: fell | 17: got up | 18: was hurting | 19: was still ringing [ 20: answered | 21: was | 22: said
THE SIMPLE PAST vs. PRETERITE: BE + -ING
SIMPLE PAST PRETERITE: BE + ING
SYNTAX * Affirmative:
-> Regular verbs: BV + -ED
eg. We played football.
-> Irregular verbs: please learn them
eg. We ate a sandwich.

* Questions & negation: use the auxiliary DID.
eg. Did you play football?
eg. No, we didn't play (did not play) football. * All forms (regular & irregular verbs):
we use the auxiliary BE in the past(WAS/WERE) + base form ending in -ING:

eg.
Were you playing football?
Yes, we were playing football.
No, we weren't (were not) playing football.
MAIN USE A short action, which took place in the past. It is often dated.
eg. In 1998, I went to Spain. An action in the past, which was being done, when another short action interrupted it.
eg. I was having a bath when the phone rang.

> TEST
Choose the right tense (simple past / BE + -ING) :
a) Last week, I _________________ (buy) a new car.
b) Sarah _______________________ (do) her homework when you __________________________ (arrive).

c) What ________________ you ___________________ (do) last summer?
d) Peter ________________ (not to go) to school: he __________________ (be) too tired.

> ANSWERS:
a) Last week, I BOUGHT a new car.
b) Sarah WAS DOING her homework when you ARRIVED.

c) What DID you DO last summer?
d) Peter DIDN'T GO to school: he WAS too tired.
PRESENT PERFECT
Main uses:
1) Past actions with results/consequences in the present.
Paul has eaten all the cookies.
When was the action done? In the past: a few minutes ago/yesterday.
Consequence? There is no cookie left. There is nothing left for me.

2) Actions which began in the past and are still in progress.
Paul has lived in London for 10 years.
When did it start? 10 years ago.
Is it finished? No, it isn't. Paul is still in London. He lives in London.

SYNTAX: HAVE (or HAS with he/she/it) + PAST PARTICIPLE
I have done my homework. She has done her homework (verb: do)

NEGATIVE:
I have not done my homework. = I haven't done my homework. She has not done her homework. = She hasn't done her homework.

QUESTION:
Have you done your homework? Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
TEST: Present perfect - Conjugate the verbs:
1. Peter _____________ (steal) my trainers!
2. I ________________ (buy) this magazine.
3. We ______________ (write) three pages this afternoon.
4. _________________ (ever/you/be) to London?
5. I ________________ (finish) my work yet.

ANSWERS 1. Paul has stolen my trainers! 2. I have bought this magazine. 3. We have written three pages this afternoon. 4. Have you ever been to London? 5. I have not finshed my work yet. I haven't finished my work yet.
Past progressive
> The past progressive is a past tense which emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action described.
WAS/WERE + Verb - ING
I was working.
He was eating his dinner when the phone rang.
The cat was meowing last night while we tried to sleep.

> If an idea could be expressed with the expression "was in the process of doing" or with "was in the midst of doing," the past progressive will be more appropriate than the simple past. Consequently, verbs indicating belief, emotion, possession, etc., are rarely conjugated in the past progressive:
I thought that was right. ["I was in the process of thinking..." would be awkward.]
Cheryl owned her own house. ["Cheryl was in the midst of owning..." would be awkward.]

> Note: Do not use the past progressive in order to describe habitual actions in the past.

TEST
Simple past or past progressive?
1. I ___________________ (do) my homework when Peter ___________________ (arrive).
2. When ___________________ (go) to the disco, we ___________________ (see) a car accident.
3. When they ___________________ (sleep), they ___________________ (hear) a big noise.

ANSWERS 1. I was doing my homework when Peter arrived. 2. When we were going to the disco, we saw a car accident. 3. When they were sleeping, they heard a big noise.
Pluperfect

> The plu-perfect is formed with the auxiliary HAD, followed by the past participle of the main verb:
He had always wanted to travel in Africa.
She had already left when Philippe arrived.
I bought the book that Corinne had recommended to me.

> The plu-perfect shows that the action has been done before another action (in the past). Adverbs such as "already" reinforce this impression.
She learned to love the dog that had bitten her the week before.
When I got home, I had already heard the bad news.
The children ate all the cookies that their father had bought.

> The plu-perfect is often used in hypothetical expressions with "if", in conjunction with the past conditional:
I would not have come if I had known he was ill.

> With the adverb "just", the plu-perfect indicates the immediate past in a past context:
He had just eaten lunch when I arrived.
TEST - Fill in the gaps with the verbs (plu-perfect):
1. I went to Paris two days ago. I ___________________ (already / to be) to Europe several years before.
2. I ate the apple I _________________ (to buy) in the supermarket.
3. _________________ you _________________ (to do) your homework when your friend arrived?
> Answer 1: Yes, I _________________.
> Answer 2: No, I _________________.

ANSWERS 1. I had already been to Paris. 2. I had bought. 3. Had you done your homework... Yes, I had. No, I hadn't.
THE PAST
PAST SIMPLE (PRETERITE) PRETERITE: BE + -ING
MAIN USE
past action (dated and definite)
SYNTAX
Affirmative
-> Regular verbs: verb + -ED
e.g. Yesterday, I played football.
-> Irregular verbs: there is no easy rule; you must learn them by heart
e.g. In 1998, I went to Australia.

Interrogative & negative: use DID
e.g. -> Did you go to Australia?
-> Yes, I did. No, I didn't (go to Australia). MAIN USE
action in the past, which was being done, when another short action interrupted it
SYNTAX
Affirmative
auxiliary BE in the past (WAS/WERE) + verb + -ING
e.g. I was taking a shower when the phone rang.
Interrogative & negative: inversion
e.g. Were you listening to the radio when he arrived?
-> Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't (listening to the radio).

PRESENT PERFECT PLUPERFECT
MAIN USES
a) Actions which began in the past and are still in progress.
b) Past actions with results/consequences in the present.
SYNTAX
Affirmative
auxiliary HAVE (HAS with he/she/it) + past participle
e.g. a) I have lived in Paris since 1992.
b) Sarah has eaten all the cakes. (There is no cake left).
Interrogative & negative: inversion
e.g. Have you broken by vase?
-> Yes, I have. / No, I haven't (broken the vase). MAIN USE
Action which was done before another action (in the past).
SYNTAX
Affirmative
auxiliary HAD + past participle
e.g. Peter went to Sydney in 2002. I had been there two years before.
Interrogative & negative: inversion
e.g. Had you bought a car?
-> Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't (bought a car).

TEST : Fill in the gaps with the verbs. Choose the correct tense.
a) - Peter, what _____________________ (do) yesterday?
- I _____________________ (play) football with Mike.
b) John's father _____________________ (be) very unhappy: when he _____________________ (get) back home, he _____________________ (find) that thieves _____________________ (break) into his flat.
c) Mum, Sarah _____________________ (break) my TV! I _____________________ (watch) it when she _____________________ (come) into my room and _____________________ (break) it! I can't watch the football match! Do something!

ANSWERS
a) - Peter, what did you do yesterday? (preterite)
- I played football with Mike. (preterite)
b) John's father was (preterite) very unhappy: when he got (preterite) back home, he found (preterite) that thieves had broken (pluperfect) into his flat.

c) Mum, Sarah has broken (present perfect) my TV! I was watching (preterite: BE + -ING) it when she came (preterite) into my room and broke (preterite) it! I can't watch the football match! Do something!
Conditional
The conditional is formed using the modal "would" in front of an infinitive (dropping the word "to"). The conditional is used especially in three contexts:
1) Politeness
I would like the menu, please.
Would you have a couple of minutes for me?

2) To indicate the "future within the past":
She said she would come to the party.
I thought he would arrive before me.

3) In hypothetical constructions with "if." When "if" is followed by the preterit or the subjunctive, the conditional is expected in the second clause:
If I had the time, I would do my homework.
If you told me the truth, I would believe you.

The "if" of hypothetical expressions can be implicit:
In your position (= if I were you), I wouldn't stay here!
TEST - Build a sentence with all these words:
1. rich / would / If / buy / a / house / were / big / I
2. said / like / come / She / would / not / to / she
3. could / I / big / would / if / give / you / a / ring / I

ANSWERS 1. If I were rich, I would buy a big house. 2. She said she would not like to come. 3. I would give you a big ring if I could.
Present Participles

> Formation
The present participle is formed by adding the ending "--ing" to the infinitive (dropping any silent "e" at the end of the infinitive):
to sing --> singing
to take --> taking
to bake --> baking
to be --> being
to have --> having

> Use
A. The present participle may often function as an adjective:
That's an interesting book.
That tree is a weeping willow.

B. The present participle can be used as a noun denoting an activity (this form is also called a gerund):
Swimming is good exercise.
Traveling is fun.

C. The present participle can indicate an action that is taking place, although it cannot stand by itself as a verb. In these cases it generally modifies a noun (or pronoun), an adverb, or a past participle:
Thinking myself lost, I gave up all hope.
Washing clothes is not my idea of a job.
Looking ahead is important.

D. The present participle may be used with "while" or "by" to express an idea of simultaneity ("while") or causality ("by") :
He finished dinner while watching television.
By using a dictionary he could find all the words.
While speaking on the phone, she doodled.
By calling the police you saved my life!

E. The present participle of the auxiliary "have" may be used with the past participle to describe a past condition resulting in another action:
Having spent all his money, he returned home.
Having told herself that she would be too late, she accelerated.
TEST
A) Find the gerund: 1. to give | 2. to walk | 3. to sit | 4. to help
B) Fill in the blanks with BY or WHILE + a present participle. Une one of these verbs: to look, to watch, to work
1. He passed his exam __________________ very hard.
2. He did his homework __________________ TV.
3. They found the way to our house __________________ at their map.
ANSWERS A) 1. giving | 2. walking | 3. sitting | 4. helping
B) 1. by working hard | 2. while watchin

SAAKA SURYANARAYANA, ASTROLOGER

SAAKA SURYA NARAYANA,CONDUCTOR,APSRTC.SRIKALAHASTHI DEPOT
BELONGING TO DHARMAVARAM TOWN CELL NO 9052143823 IS A FAMOUS
ASTROLOGER.

Tuesday 12 July 2011

APSRTC-CCS

G.V. RAMANA RAO
Vice Chairman
Cell : 8008204280
K. NAGESWARA RAO
Nominated Meber
Cell : 9959222856

OUR SOCIETY - BASIC INFORMATION
Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation Employees’ Thrift & Credit Co-operative Society Ltd., was
established on 5th April, 1952 with an objective to help the Member and not to fall prey to the Private money Lenders.
The Society which had in the beginning 2,558 Shareholders, Share Capital of about Rs. 60,000/-, Thrift of Rs.
71,700/- and five employees, became the biggest and the best run cooperative in the State with 94,000 Shareholders
and Thrift more than Rs. 820.00 Crores.
Membership and Thrift: All the regular employees of the Corporation are entitled to become Members of the
Society. Every Member shall have only one share of Rs. 300/-.
Dividend is Credited to the members MRDF A/c.
Every Member immediately after joining the Society starts contributing towards Thrift (MRDF) @ 6% of his Basic
Pay, rounded off to the nearest Ten Rupees. Compound Interest @ 10% per annum is provided on these accumulations.
The Thrift accumulations are payable to the Members at the time of Retirement or closure of the account.
Information through website : The members can get the information through our website www.apsrtc.gov.in/ ccsinfo.
The information regarding Society, the Members loan eligibility loan status, surety eligibility, deduction, statement
and particular slips, monthly salary recovery particulars, various loans application forms Fixed Deposit & Recurring
Deposit forms, claim forms and other forms are available in the website round the clock.
LOANS:
Information through SMS : Information regarding receipt of STL & EDL applications and releasing of respective
loans will be provided through SMS to the Member's Mobile Phone. To avail this facility members should furnish their
Mobile Numbers on the loan application forms.
Short Term Loans: Members are eligible for Short Term Loans on completion of One (1) year regular service in
the Corporation and One (1) month membership in the Society. However, member should have minimum of 12
months MRDF amount while sanction of loan. Short fall amount if any should be recovered from the loan sanctioned.
A minimum amount equal to seven (7) months Basic Pay (85%) will be granted as Short Term Loan till completion of
four (4) years membership subject to satisfying other conditions.
After completion of four (4) years membership, the loan will be granted taking into consideration the length of
service completed in the Corporation. At present 85% of the Basic Pay is being considered for sanction of loans.
The Short Term Loan is granted subject to a maximum of Rs.3,00,000/-. However, the Members whose MRDF
balance exceeds Rs.50,000/- can draw loan to the extent of 1.75 times of his Thrift subject to other conditions.
However, if the gross loan amount sanctioned is Rs. 60,000/- or above a Member shall have in MRDF Account
atleast 40% of the amount of loan granted. The short fall amount of the required percentage, if any, will be
recovered from the loan granted and credited to the Members MRDF account.
The Borrower can repay the short term loan within 84 monthly instalments.
Interest on Short Term Loans is charged @ 11% PA on monthly reducing balances.
The Member applying for loan shall furnish two valid Sureties; every Member can stand as Surety to 3
borrowers. The difference between borrowers basic pay and sureties basic pay is allowed upto Rs.2,000/-. In
case, the sureties basic pay is Rs.9,000/- and above, the above condition doesn’t apply. He may stand as surety to
any three borrowers. One can apply for inclusive loan on completion of 12 monthly instalments through salary bill.
Online Payments: The loan amount will be directly credited into Member's accounts who are having valid accounts
in State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of India, and Andhra Bank. The deduction statement and particular slips will
be dispatched to the members by dak. The members can have particulars in website also. From the last year
onwards, RD, FD, CCS settlement and MOAS amounts are also being paid through online.
8-FORM:
The Borrower has to provide another valid Surety to the Short Term Loan within two months if any of the Surety
ceases to be a Member of the Society for any reason. The loan eligibility will be deferred for the period delayed in
resubmission of valid surety subject to maximum of one month.
Short Term Loan without Sureties: Short term loan can also be drawn without sureties on the strength of the
amount of MRDF held. The amount of short Term loan granted in such cases is to the extent of MRDF Balance.
However, members should remember that, this is not an additional loan.
50 Percent of MRDF as Short Term Loan: Members whose left over service is 3 years and less, can apply for
Short Term Loan under this Scheme. It may however, be noted, that this is not an additional loan facility. In case the
loan eligibility reckoned as per the general conditions, is less than 50% of his Thrift accumulations, the Member is
required to mention on the loan application as “Loan of 50% of MRDF”.
As this is not MRDF withdrawal, this loan amount is to be repaid in monthly instalments.
The monthly deduction shall be made to the extent of 1/3 of Gross salary in accordance with the Co-operative
Societies Act. The loan balance outstanding on the date of retirement will be recovered from his MRDF
accumulations to settle the account.
LONG TERM LOANS:
Eligibility: A Member can apply for Long Term Loan on completion of One (1) month Membership in the Society and
One (1) year regular service in the Corporation, with the prior consent of the Unit Officer concerned.
Principal and interest recovery statements information about Short Term loans
Total Loan (In Rupees)
30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 65,000
Instalments Pri. Int. Pri. Int. Pri. Int. Pri. Int. Pri. Int. Pri. Int. Pri. Int. Pri. Int.
12 2,500 149 2,915 174 3,335 199 3,750 223 4,165 248 4,585 273 5,000 298 5,415 323
24 1,250 212 1,460 248 1,665 282 1,875 318 2,085 354 2,290 388 2,500 424 2,710 460
36 835 233 970 271 1,110 310 1,250 349 1,390 389 1,530 428 1,665 649 1,805 505
48 625 243 730 284 835 325 940 366 1,040 405 1,145 446 1,250 624 1,355 528
60 500 250 585 292 665 332 750 375 835 417 915 457 1,000 500 1,085 542
72 415 253 485 296 555 338 625 381 695 424 765 466 835 509 900 549
84 360 259 415 299 475 342 540 389 595 428 655 471 715 515 775 558
The Member should have atleast a sum equivalent to 3 years MRDF at his credit at the time of payment of Long Term
Loan. The short fall, if any, shall be recovered from his Long Term Loan Payment.
The maximum of Long Term Loan is Rs.10.00 lakhs and being granted for Construction of House/Flat, purchase of
Ready Built House/Flat, Extension/Completion of Construction of House and for purchase of plot.
The Long Term Loan is repayable on the basis of Equated Monthly Instalments (EMI).
The Interest charged is @ 9.5% per annum, on monthly reducing balances. (wef 01-08-2007)
LONG TERM LOANS - DOCUMENTS/CERTIFICATES TO BE SUBMITTED:
1. Documents such as copy of sale deed of the Plot/House in proof of ownership.
2. Link documents.
The above two documents covering the period of past 12 years should be submitted.
(Long Term Loans shall not be sanction on the strength of Assignment orders and Possession Certificates
issued by the State Government and Possession Certificate will not be considered as Link document).
3. Letter of approval of House Plan (Plan proceedings) issued by the concerned authorities - 3 copies.
4. Approved House plan - 3 copies.
5. Non - encumbrance Certificate for the 16 years preceeding the date of application (the entries related to all the
transactions took place during 16 years should be got entered in the EC).
6. Detailed estimates for the Construction of House/Purchase of House/Completion of House/Extension of house
duly certified by any Licensed Engineer or Executive Engineer/Dy Executive Engineer of APSRTC - 3 Copies.
7. The House/Proposed house should be within the area of Municipal Corporation or Municipality or major Panchayat
or Mandal Head Quarters. Or else it should be within 30 kms radius of Bus Depot/Unit Office of APSRTC. A
certificate to this effect issued by the authorities of Depot/Unit should be submitted.
8. Agreement of sale (wherein the description of property, agreed cost, Advance received, period of agreement
etc., shall be specifically mentioned) on Rs.100/- non judicial stamp paper.
9. Tax receipt for the tax paid for the current year.
10. Certificate in the prescribed proforma issued by the APSRTC authorities having No objection for granting loan
by the Society on II Charge.
11. Any other documents and certificates as required by the Society.
However Long Term Loans shall not be sanctioned
(a) On the strength of Assigned Lands either as Title deed or as link document.
(b) For purchase of plot of land if layout plan is approved by the Grampanchayathi where urban development
authority is in force.
(c) For change of roof and houses aged more than 20 years.
(d) For more than two times in the total length of the service.
(e) When leftover service is less than two years.
The approved rates for sanction of long term loan for completion of construction are furnished here under.
NATURE OF WORK RATE
Rs.
1. Borewell with motor 75,000
2. Borewell 30,000
3. Water tank with connection 20,000
4. Septic Tank with connection 30,000
5. Steps with railing 25,000
6. Compound wall with plastering 600
(both sides) per RFT
7. Railing 3'-0" height per RFT 200
8. Plasting (two coats) per SFT 15
9. Door and Windows per sq.mt (a) Teak wood 4,800
(b) Non - Teak 3,000
10. Flooring (per 10 sq.mts) (a) Marble 6,000
(b) Ceramic 5,000
(c) Polished shabad stone 4,000
11. Electrification per each point 500
12. Cupboards per sq.mt subject to 3,500
a maximum of Rs. 60,000
13. Impervious coat per sq. feet 18
14. Colours (10 sq. mts.) 120
15. Outside Toilets 20,000
16. Outside flooring (Sq. feet) 12
17. Water Sump 20,000
18. Sump with Motor 30,000
19. Gravel Filling (CFT) 8
All the Civil Engineering Personnel (APSRTC) are following the revised rates while certifying the estimates.
The standard construction rate (independent houses) per sft is:
Ground Floor Rs. 850
Ist Floor Rs. 750
IInd Floor Rs. 775
With regard to apartments, the Construction rate applicable is Rs. 850/- per sft irrespective of the Floor.
ELIGIBLE AMOUNT OF LOAN :
a) House Construction : Hundred times of Basic Pay as on the date of application or certified cost of
Construction or Rs.10 Lakhs, whichever is less will be granted as Long Term Loan, subject to other rules
governing the sanction of such loans. However, the amount of loan will be granted after taking into consideration
the minimum take-home pay as per the APSRTC take-home pay rules.
b) Purchase of House/Flat : Hundred times of Basic pay, or the cost certified by the Engineer or Rs.10 lakhs,
or agreed value of house, whichever amount is less will be granted as Long Term Loan subject to other rules. The
age of the building should not exceed 20 years to get Long Term Loan for its purchase.
c) Completion of House : Members can draw Long Term Loan for specific uncompleted works on 1st
Charge, and if Loan already drawn from APSRTC, for construction of house they can draw loan on 2nd Charge
for Completion of unfinished works on the same house. The loan shall not be granted for the works for which loan
was already drawn from the Corporation.
d) Long Term Loan - Second Time : Members are eligible twice in their service to draw Long Term Loan
upto Rs.10 lakhs for Construction of House, Horizontal and Vertical expansion of House, Purchase of Ready Built
House/Flat in his name or for taking over Housing Loans drawn from other Banks/Financial Agencies.
Purchase of Plot :
The sanction of loan for purchase of plot shall be restricted to 1/2 of members Long Term Loan eligibility subject to
a maximum of Rs. 5,00,000/- or the cost of the plot or the agreement value or the market value of the plot as
certified by the sub-registrar whichever is less. In such cases the period of loan recovery shall be restricted to a
maximum of 120 months with an interest of 11% per annum.
Required Documents :
1) Sale agreement to be entered with an intended seller (Rs. 100/- Non Judicial Stamp Paper)
2) Title and Link documents for the past 12 years.
3) Encumberence Certificate (16 years with appropriate entries)
4) Market value certificate issued by the Sub-Registrar
5) Approved Layout / DTCP, Urban development authority.
HOME LOAN SURAKSHA BIMA POLICY :
The Scheme is being operated through oriental Insurance Company Ltd., w.e.f. 01-04-2005. The Long Term Loans
drawn on or after 1st April 2005 come under the purview of this policy which covers two risks.
1. Damages to the House Property due to fire and other perils.
2. In the event of accidental death/permanent disablement, the loan due by the Borrower will be repaid by
the Insurance Co., to the Society.
The premium is being recovered @ Rs.2.52 Ps. per every Rs.1000/- of Long Term Loan, for a period of 10
years. (Service Tax @ 10.30% extra).
Those borrowers who had availed Long Term Loans prior to 1st April 2005 and renewal of Insurance Policy
is made on or after that date also are covered by the present policy.
LONG TERM LOAN (CONSTRUCTION - PURCHASE OF PLOT) INTEREST CHART
Following is the chart showing quantum of EMI in accordance with the number of Instalments, basing on Rs.1.00
lakh long term loan.
No. of Instalments Amount of EMI (Rs.) No. of Instalments Amount of EMI (Rs.)
Construction of House Purchase of Plot Construction of House
60 2100 2174
72 1827 1903 132 1224
84 1634 1712 144 1166
96 1491 1571 156 1119
108 1381 1463 168 1078
120 1294 1378 180 1044
EDUCATION LOAN : In addition to Short Term Loan and Long Term Loan, members can avail Education Loan to the
extent of Rs.1,00,000/- repayable in 60 months for them selves/ children/ spouse.
Member has to submit Self declaration and furnish two Sureties for drawing Education Loans. Each Member
is eligible to stand as Sureties to three loanees in addition to their Suretyship for Short Term Loan and Long Term
Loan.
By observing 25% Take Home Pay, a minimum of Rs.10,000/- (Rs.5,000/- in case of inclusive loans) and
maximum of Rs.1,00,000/- shall be sanctioned. The recovery is on E.M.I. basis and the interest rate applicable is
11% p.a. on reducing balances and all rules and regulations applicable to Short Term Loan in general are
applicable for Education Loans also.
EDUCATION LOAN INTEREST CHART : Following is the chart showing the quantum of EMI in accordance with
number of monthly instalments for various amounts of loan.
Recovery Statement Information about Education Loans
Total Loan (In Rupees)
Instalments 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 1,00,000
EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI
12 4,419 5,303 6.187 7,070 7,955 8,839
24 2,330 2,796 3.263 3,728 4,195 4,661
36 1,637 1,964 2.292 2,620 2,947 3,274
48 1,292 1,551 1.810 2,068 2,327 2,585
60 1,087 1,305 1.523 1,740 1,957 2,174
Repayment of Loans: In addition to the usual recoveries through salary bills, the Borrowers can repay part or full
amount of any loan in multiplies of Rs.100/-, at any time either by cash at Society’s office or through bank. The
amount so remitted shall be accounted for immediately. No penal interest shall be charged on such early repayments.
Ceasing Membership : The Membership can be ceased only after completion of two years of Membership. An
advance notice of Six (6) months shall be submitted. The recoveries shall continue, even after receipt of notice till
the account is closed.
WELFARE SCHEMES : 1) Deceased Members Family Relief Fund (DMFRF) : The main objective of this scheme
is to help the bereaved families in the event of death of the borrower. As per the existing rules, a premium @ Rs. 4/-
for every four hundred rupees and part thereof of on the net loan paid is recovered only at the time of drawl of loan
and the Society transfers some portion of its income from Short Term Loans every year to the fund.
In case of death of a Member, the loan balance outstanding is entirely written off and the MRDF & Share Capital held
by the deceased is refunded together with interest to his nominee.
Writing Off Short Term Loan in Respect of Members Retired on Medical Grounds : In the event of
retirement of a member on medical grounds, his short term loan balance shall also be written off from DMFRF
account subject to the following conditions.
a) Medical retirement should be after 12 months from the date of release of short term loan.
b) An undertaking should be submitted from the unit officer concerned to the effect that no alternative employment
has been provided to the employee and in the event of providing alternative employment, the loan balance written
off shall be remitted to the society and an endorsement to that effect was made in 'P' case.
In such medical retirement cases the outstanding loan balances of members in excess of their respective MRDF &
Share Capital shall be written off from the DMFRF account.
2) DEATH RELIEF FUND (DRF) : Under this Scheme, a premium @ Rs. 2/- for every two hundred rupees and part
thereof of the Long Term Loan is recovered from the amount of loan granted at the time of its disbursal, society
transfers some portion of its income from Long Term Loans every year to the Fund. In the event of death of the
borrower the total outstanding loan balance of the member shall be written off from this fund.
3) ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE MERITORIOUS STUDENTS :
a) Cash Awards : Three Cash Awards in each course to the children of Members who passed MBA, MCA, MA,
M.Com, M.Sc., B.Sc., B.A., B.Com., Ag B.Sc., DME, DEE, DCE, DECE, D.Pharmacy Examinations with highest percentage
of marks, and Ten Cash Awards to those passed SSC and Five Cash Awards to those passed intermediate with
highest percentage of marks are presented in the order of merit to encourage them. Applications for this benefit are
received every year during the specified month. The Students secured atleast 90% in respect of SSC & 90% in
Intermediate and 60% in other courses can apply for the benefit. Cash Awards will be presented at the Annual
General Meeting of Society. Bus Passes to the award winners and the Members will be provided by the Corporation.
b) Educational Assistance for Professional Courses : The children of Members pursuing professional courses
viz., MBBS, BE, B.Tech, B.Arch, BVSc, BDS., B.Pharmacy, BHMS, BAMS, B.Sc Nursing are provided with Annual
Financial Assistance till the completion of course. The application with necessary certificates is to be submitted every
year to avail this benefit.
4) MEMBER’S OLD AGE ASSISTANCE SCHEME (MOAS) : This scheme was introduced during 1982-83. All the
Ex-Members aged 59 years & above are being paid annual financial assistance at the rate of Rs. 35/- for every
completed year of Membership in the Society. The Ex-Member should have completed atleast 5 years Membership
in the Society to become eligible for this benefit. With the introduction of Retired Members Security Scheme (RMS
Scheme) through which extensive financial benefit is provided, only those who do not avail benefit under new
scheme will be eligible for annual financial assistance under MOAS. The Ex-Member should submit MOAS
application in the month of June every year.
An amount of Rs. 500/- is also being paid to the heirs, in the event of death of an Ex-Member, after retirement from
service as Final and Parting Payment. The amount under this category should be claimed within 3 months from the
date of death of the former Member.
5) MEMBER’S HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ASSISTANCE SCHEME (MHCAS) : The applicant seeking assistance
under this scheme should have passed SSC/any examination equivalent to Metric and currently studying in any
Govt. or recognized College/University. The benefit to the extent of 50% of cost of three-wheeler specially
designed for the handicapped or a maximum of Rs. 20,000/- whichever is less will be paid for Purchase of the said
vehicle subject to other conditions governing the Scheme.
6) MEMBERS HANDICAPPED CHILDREN EMPLOYMENT SCHEME (MHCES) : Adult (Major) Handicapped children
of Members are being provided an assistance of Rs. 3,000/- by the Society to set up Self-Employment units viz.,
Sewing Machine, Flour Mill, Wet Grinder, Cycle/Vehicle repairing shop etc.,
7) RETIRED MEMBERS SECURITY SCHEME (RMSS) : The Retired Member’s Security Scheme has been
introduced duly making it applicable to those retired from service of the Corporation on attaining the age of
Surperannuation on or after 30-06-2000. The salient features of the Scheme are :
1) All those who have completed 10 years of Membership in the Society and are on rolls as on the date of
retirement are entitled to become Members of the Scheme.
2) Broken period of Membership due to Ceasing Membership, Removal etc., will also be reckoned for the
purpose of 10 years qualifying membership.
3) The Members retiring on or after 30-06-2000 shall exercise option in the prescribed Option-Cum-
Nomination form atleast three months before the date of retirement, indicating whether they join the
scheme or not. If joining the scheme, the retiring Member should declare his/her nominee duly affixing a
latest photograph of the said nominee & getting the same attested. Option once submitted shall be final.
4) Once settlement amount is paid in full after settlement of account due to retirement, the retiring member
automatically loses his right to seek membership of the scheme,
5) 50% of MRDF accumulations, as on the date of Retirement, rounding off to next Rs. 1,000/- subject to a
minimum of Rs. 35,000/- will be transferred to the scheme.
6) In case of total amount of MRDF accumulated is less than Rs. 35,000/- (Rs. 38,000/- in case of Member
who Ceased the Membership) the retiring Member should remit the short fall amount on or before the date
of retirement.
7) Society will pay Financial Benefit on the amount of Deposit, @ 14% PA subject to a minimum of Rs. 500/-
PM.
8) The payment of monthly Financial Benefit is being made.
Through NET-BANKING to those who have their accounts in SBI, SBH & Andhra Bank - throughout the
State of Andhra Pradesh. As the society is having tie up with the above three banks. Payments to the
other banks will not be considered.
9) The Charges towards Bank Commission and Postage, if any, shall be deducted from the amount payable
to the Members.
10) Payment of Financial Benefit will be made as long as Member is alive. However, the Member may withdraw
the amount of deposit at any time after 3 years from the date of deposit.
11) In the event of death of the Member the amount of Deposit will be refunded to the Nominee or legal heirs,
as the case may be. If the Member expires within 3 years, the Financial Benefit at the same rate will be paid
to nominee subject to her/his willingness, till completion of the said 3 years period, provided, the nominee
should be spouse and gives consent.
12) However, if a Member desires to withdraw from the Scheme, within 3 years from the date of deposit, the
amount contributed by the Member towards Retired Members Security Scheme will be treated as an ordinary
Fixed Deposit and Financial Benefit will be paid at the rate of interest applicable to the period of deposit.
IMPORTANT :
All the beneficiaries under the Scheme and those retiring and would want to join in the scheme are advised
to open their account in any branch of either SBI or SBH or Andhra Bank. This will enable the Society to credit
monthly Financial Benefit through NET-BANKING Promptly.
8) JANATA PERSONAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE SCHEME :
Janata Personal Accidental insurance Scheme was renewed with The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd., from
31-03-2009 and will be in force till 30-03-2014. Premium payable is Rs. 140/- per head for 5 years. The amount
was adjusted from members MRDF.
In case of accidental death, a sum of Rs. 1,00,000/- shall be paid to family of deceased. Members shall be paid
a sum of Rs. 1,00,000/- in case of disability of both legs/hands/eyes and a sum of Rs. 50,000/- shall be paid for
partial disability. (Loss of one limb permanently).
Intimation regarding accident shall be given within 90 days to the nearest branch of “The Oriental Insurance
Company Ltd., “ or Society. The following documents are required for processing of case.
1) Name of the person met with the accident, staff Number, working Depot/Unit
2) F.I.R - Two Copies
3) Postmortem Report - Two Copies
4) Panchanama report - Two Copies
5) Death Certificate (Original) - Two Copies
6) Disability certificate to be produced from Govt. Doctor/or APSRTC Doctor - Two Copies
IMPORTANT NOTE: The Welfare Schemes are operated subject to availability of Funds and the income of the
Society. These Schemes can be withdrawn at any time by the Managing Committee. The benefit provided under
these schemes cannot be claimed as a right.
FIXED DEPOSIT SCHEME
The Society has been operating Fixed Deposit Scheme in which, apart from Members, their Spouses, Children,
sisters, brothers and parents of Members, Former Members and Nominal Members can invest monies in multiples
of rupees hundred. Investments in Fixed Deposit are also accepted from APSRTC & allied organizations. The
rates of interest offered on these Deposits have been always competent when compared to those offered by
Banks. The terms and conditions are flexible unlike other financial agencies. The rate of interest on all types of
deposits will be charged as per the decision of the managing committee from time to time. The revised rate of
interest is made applicable to all deposits including the existing deposits. The present rate of interest Rs.9.5% PA.
Note: 1/2% more interest than the normal rates is payable on the Deposits made out of CCS Settlement related to
retired members (MRDES).
Loss of Fixed Deposit Receipt :
In case the Fixed Deposit Receipt (FDR) is lost or defaced, a duplicate can be obtained by submitting the
following.
1. An Indemnity Bond on Rs. 100/- Non-Judicial Stamp Paper, duly indemnifying the society shall be executed by
the Deposit holder. Two present members of the society shall be furnished as sureties to the Bond besides
two witnesses. (The Proforma for this can be had from the society)
2. An undertaking to the effect that the FD-holder would surrender the FDR (original) if found, shall be submitted
in writing.
On submission of the above documents, a Duplicate FDR will be issued.
RTGS :
Recently Banks are transferring funds from one Account to another Account within no time and with minimum
charges. The process by which fund are being transferred within no time from one account to another account
without any instrument (DD or Cheque) is called as RTGS.
The Members who desires to deposit Money in Fixed Deposit Scheme or to repay any kind of loan, they can
directly transfer the amounts from their bank account to Society Account by way of RTGS. However, the minimum
amount transferable under this process is Rs. 1,00,000/-
Society Account Number in various Banks.
1) STATE BANK OF HYDERABAD - APSRTC Branch Account No. 52051030074 - IFSC (RTGS) Code
SBHY0020650.
2) STATE BANK OF INDIA - Vidyangar Branch Account No.30169932472 - IFSC (RTGS) Code SBI N
0003608.
3) ANDHRA BANK -Vidyangar Branch - Account No. 060411100000061 - IFSC (RTGS) Code
ANDB0000604.
While transferring money under this process, the Branch officials will allot a number to such transaction called
as UTR Number. The Member should invariably send that UTR Number to the Society immediately along with Fixed
Deposit form particulars of member and details of loan account towards which such amounts was transferred.
Note: An abridged information about various schemes, rates of interest and welfare activities of the Society
has been provided in this Dairy.
The Committee of Management reviews from time to time the rates of interest being implemented in
banks and other financial institutions and makes necessary changes / revision therein. depending upon
society’s financial position
Sd/-
Secretary.
SOCIETY’S PROGRESS AT A GLANCE
S.No. Particulars 1952 2007 2008 2009 2010
1. No. of Shareholders 2558 1,00,837 98,310 93,630 89,763
2. Share Capital Rs. 59,900 3,02,51,100 2,94,93,000 2,80,89,000 2,69,28,900
3. Thrift (MRDF) Rs. 71,675 649,71,81,886 702,66,08,725 754,79,41,905 806,90,81,178
4. Fixed Deposit Rs. - - 71,33,68,875 79,60,61,907 86,31,94,066 126,83,45,066
5. Loan Amount Sanctioned Rs. 1,40,816 564,42,54,571 608,38,77,600 608,08,77,071 651,66,78,915
6. Loan Due by Members Rs. 7,12,097 862,36,90,575 939,75,27,097 989,31,66,964 1029,86,67,168
7. General Reserve Rs. 39,501 1,49,27,710 1,67,76,828 1,81,82,233 1,83,34,936
8. Specific Reserves Rs. - - 31,29,98,682 35,85,43,689 39,04,02,368 43,12,73,888
9. Surplus Rs. 13,486 44,58,610 35,75,016 41,70,468 34,23,705
10. No. of Employees 5 93 89 85 79

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